THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICS AND THE POSITIVIZATION OF ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA: A HISTORICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the political dynamics and the process of positivizing Islamic law in Indonesia by highlighting the history of its formalization and the development of Islamic law within the national legal system. The methodology employed is qualitative research with a historical and constitutional approach, involving the analysis of legal documents, scholarly literature, and theories of Islamic legal politics. This approach provides an in-depth understanding of the evolution of Islamic law within Indonesia's pluralistic legal context. The findings of the study indicate that the relationship between Islam and the state within the framework of national law has undergone three major phases: the Confrontational phase, characterized by conflict; the Reciprocal-Critical phase, reflecting efforts toward integration; and the Synergistic phase, which marks the harmonization of Islamic law and national law. The study also identifies several key pieces of legislation based on Islamic law, such as Law No. 7/1989 on Religious Courts and Presidential Instruction No. 1/1991 on the Compilation of Islamic Law, demonstrating the role of Islamic law in shaping the national legal system. The study concludes that the integration of Islamic law into Indonesia's legal framework, when implemented proportionally and harmoniously, can contribute to social and political stability while respecting the nation's diversity. The implications of this research underscore the importance of integrating Islamic law into the national system to ensure justice for Muslim communities. The study recommends policies that support spiritual and local values, as well as more inclusive harmonization strategies to ensure the sustainability of Islamic law in the modern context.
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